How to purify water from impurities yourself at home? What are you actually drinking? How to properly purify water at home How to purify drinking water.

The choice of cleaning method depends on the composition of the water itself and the available possibilities.

Tap water supplied to apartments differs in a different proportion of harmful components.

That's why there is a need to choose the optimal method of post-treatment, with which you can effectively reduce the amount of harmful substances.

In some cases, a person has to use water from natural sources. In this case, the problem of disinfection comes to the fore.

The main methods home water purification without filter are:

• Defending;
• Boiling;
• Freezing;
• Distillation method;
• Carbon adsorption;
• Silver cleansing;
• Iodization;
• Shunging;
• Silicon treatment;
• Tourmaline application;
• Cleansing with herbs.

Upholding

it the most easily accessible and cost-effective way additional treatment.

The result of this process is the volatilization of gaseous chlorine and the precipitation of heavy metal salts.

Defending is considered a simple but ineffective technique.... Only the upper third of the water volume is freed from chlorine. The lower layers contain an increased amount of pollutants.

According to the rules, water must be in an open container for at least 24 hours. After that, it is carefully drained in less than half the volume.

The settled water, without any further processing, can be used for watering plants or filling an aquarium.

Boiling

Simple, convenient, cheap and relatively effective way. The main purpose of boiling is to destroy pathogenic microorganisms., chlorine and low-temperature gases (radon, ammonia).

At the same time, the method has its drawbacks:

To neutralize the negative consequences, it is recommended to use already settled liquid for boiling and limit the boiling time to 15 minutes. In this case, the container with water must be open.

Attention! Not all microorganisms are killed by short-term heating to 100 degrees!

Most pathogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, typhoid bacillus, shigella, Koch's bacillus and others) die when boiled in a few seconds... However, there are also more resistant microorganisms.

An example would be the hepatitis A virus, which dies in boiling water only after 5 minutes. Even greater endurance is shown by anthrax spores, which can withstand boiling.

Freezing

The method is based on a physicochemical phenomenon, according to which, first of all, crystal clear water turns into ice.

Substance with impurities freezes last. The instructions for using freezing are simple.

Water is poured into an open container and placed in a freezer. When half of the liquid is frozen, the ice is taken out, and the rest is drained. Thawed ice is ready to eat without any additional processing.

Distillation method

Obtaining pure, salt-free water is based on distillation. The technological process in everyday life requires special equipment - a distiller. It is a system of a container in which water is heated, a tube through which steam moves and a container in which the purified liquid is collected.

The method has two indisputable advantages:

1. Almost complete release from salts occurs.
2. When heated, microorganisms die.

However, there are also disadvantages:

1. Light organochlorine is carried along with the steam.
2. Water loses biologically essential trace elements.

Important! Long-term use of distilled water leads to the leaching of potassium, iron, manganese and other physiologically important elements from the body.

Carbon adsorption

Due to its porous structure the substance actively absorbs mineral and organic impurities.

The cleaning option is simple and convenient, but it also has disadvantages. The sorption capacity of coal is limited.

Home instructions for use are simple. Several tablets are placed in a gauze bag and placed in a vessel with water.

The dosage of the sorbent is 1 tablet per 1 liter of liquid. Functional analogues of coal are crushed coconut shells or grated seeds of fruit trees.

Silver

Silver is a metal with pronounced bactericidal properties. This is the basis for its application in the biological purification of liquids.

According to the level of action, silver is equated to bleach. This metal is even used for disinfection in swimming pools. It is known that the water supplied to the international space stations is preserved with silver.

For home bio-purification, it is enough to put a silver object in a container with water.

But with this method, the proportion of metal passing into water will be low.

To get a more pronounced effect, it is necessary to use a solution where silver is in ionic form.

Carefully! It has been scientifically proven that in high concentrations, silver has a negative effect on a living cell. Therefore, it is undesirable to abuse this method.

Iodization

Iodine is widely used in medicine as a disinfectant. This property is also used for domestic purposes. The advantage of iodine is its high bactericidal ability.

1. Firstly, only biological treatment takes place.
2. Secondly, the water acquires a characteristic iodine odor.

This greatly limits the use of iodization. An analogue of this method can be bromination. But the use of bromine is expensive, so it is not widely used at home.

Shunging

Shungite - fossil a mineral with unique physical and chemical properties.

It is an excellent sorbent that absorbs into itself:

• chlorine,
• nitrates,
• heavy metals,
• organics.

Shungite has bactericidal properties. The mineral contains a large number of trace elements, due to this, the water is mineralized when infused.

Important to remember that the mineral has a limited sorption capacity. Microbes, accumulating inside the stone, are able to live there. Therefore, the shungite filter should be periodically replaced with a new one.

Silicon treatment

To find a suitable method for purifying water, you need to know which pollutants are present in the greatest amount.

Before embarking on household post-treatment of tap or natural water, it is worth collecting information on its composition.

The ideal option is laboratory analysis or household tests. Such data will help to navigate in the choice of the desired method of water purification.

Important! If the same container is used for cleaning and disinfection, it must be washed periodically. In the light, the water "blooms", that is, green algae appear in it, which remain on the walls of the vessel and worsen the quality of each subsequent portion of water.

Conclusion

The quality of water supplied to apartments and houses is regulated by sanitary and hygienic standards. Despite state control, the water supplied to the consumer does not always comply with the standards. Household post-treatment methods help to cope with the emerging problem.

The presented review makes it possible to objectively evaluate the entire range of methods and choose the most suitable one in specific conditions. Cleaning at home saves on expensive modern ones.

With proper execution and combination of methods, the output can be water with good organoleptic and chemical characteristics.

The purity of water is not only a global problem of our planet, but also an everyday problem that every person solves (or does not solve) for himself on a daily basis. We drink water every day (in pure form or with food).

Therefore, whether it is necessary to purify tap water is far from an idle question. And although now in any hardware store you can see a huge assortment of different types of household filters from dozens of brands, which one is good is difficult to understand in appearance.

In fact, it is much easier to choose a smartphone or a car. First, both smartphones and cars have clearly measurable performance characteristics that easily compare certain models with others. Filters get more complicated - how to compare pitchers? What are the parameters other than volume? Secondly, the internet is full of car reviews and gadget selections.

But there are practically no studies and tests that allow comparing household types of filters or distinguishing one brand from another. Either because earlier we did not attach such importance to the purity of water, or even why. But now, for the most part, when choosing water filters, they rely not on facts, figures and research, but on their own instincts (often deceiving), on advertising and brand promotion.

At the same time, they are often in the captivity of the illusion: "Foreign means the best." But practice, nevertheless, destroys coherent advertising messages and promises. Moreover, many of the advertised filters do not fully purify the water.

A little theory about clean water

The thing is that "communal" water not only runs through old worn out pipes. There could be a long description of the technologies that are used to treat water in the municipal water supply, but this is rather boring. Therefore, in a nutshell: the water utility removes large particles of dirt from the water, kills bacteria with chlorine or ozone (in Russia, in 99% of cases, it is chlorine).

Toxic organic matter passes all these filters without any problems and does not disappear anywhere. In addition, moving along municipal pipes, water absorbs rust, heavy metals and other dirt from them - and often ends up in our sinks. tough and tasteless... And, sometimes, and not very useful, since, for example, in the process of passing through pipes, chlorine forms organochlorine substances. The remains of aluminum do not decorate life either. But these are forced measures of municipal water purification, it is impossible to do without them.

Therefore, many conscientious people purify water. Someone buys bottled water, which is not bad, but still there is no one hundred percent certainty about the purity of this water (who knows - they actually collect it from the well or in the garage from the tap?). Others buy and install home filters based on their needs and budget.

Filters: what is on the market and what you need

There are three most common types of household water filters.

The first, the most common type, is filter jugs: an ordinary jug for 2-4 liters of water, which can be used even at home, even in the country, and every 2-3 months to change a removable cartridge in it. The simplest and most budgetary option: a jug costs 500-1,000 rubles.

Often, when buying, the first cartridge comes with a jug. And then, about once every 1.5-2 months, you need to buy a new cartridge - this is still somewhere around 200-300 rubles.

But the filter jug, for the most part, cannot "change" the hardness of the water and certainly does not remove viruses and bacteria - it is still recommended to boil the water. However, it certainly must purify water from dirt, rust, heavy metal ions, pesticides and toxins.

The second type is stationary flow filters: these are systems that are installed under the sink and connected to the water supply. Clean water is discharged through a separate tap. A flow-through sorption filter will not filter water from viruses, but it will cope well with rust and most organic pollutants.

Some flow filters (but not all!) Soften the water. But there are also disadvantages: in the presence of very hard water, the softening module of such filters will have to be changed quite often. The specific frequency depends on the hardness of the water, and can range from 3 months to 1 year or 200-300 liters of water spilled through them.

The third type - reverse osmosis filters - are the most advanced, because they purify water 100% from rust, toxins, bacteria, heavy metals, pesticides and even viruses! It is clear that this is the most expensive, but also the most effective type of filter. The system is also installed under the sink, but it has decent dimensions, because it is difficult to work. Water under pressure goes into the system: it is taken from the water supply system, where there must be a pressure of at least 3 atmospheres.

Getting to the preliminary cleaning, the water is first "cleaned" of the largest fractions of dirt, like the same rust. Then - filtering in the following modules, each of which cleans at an ever smaller level. The decisive module is a reverse osmosis membrane rolled into a roll. Passing through it under pressure, the water is purified of any pollutants (even small viruses) and drained into a storage tank.

As is clear from the process, water purification here is quite lengthy, so you need a storage tank for clean water (and this is an extra space in your kitchen).

Comparison of the dimensions of reverse osmosis systems

And there is one more important technical "trick" that should be remembered when choosing a particular filter. The very special membrane is cleaned of the dirt remaining on it - also with water from the water supply system, which is called drainage. This drainage water then goes down the drain, and its consumption for the production of 1 liter of clean water is the money that you will pay according to the tariff.

Therefore, if you choose a reverse osmosis filter, then be sure to look at the drainage water flow rate. A good filter for 1 liter of clean water takes up to 4 liters of drainage water. Not very good - up to 8-10 liters.

Let's go to testing

If in appearance all devices look almost the same, then how to understand which really good and purifies water in the best way? How to understand that you spent 500-1,000 rubles on a jug (and once every 1-2 months spend another 200-300 rubles on replaceable filter cartridges), which will not actually pour incompletely purified water into your kettle?

Water expertise can be ordered. You can measure the quality of the water with special devices. You can read the review on the Internet - but they are practically not there. What to do then?

There are several simple and absolutely "home" ways to visually see the capabilities of the same filter jugs. We will describe a couple of such tests that you can quickly do at home. The experiment involves filter jugs of the three most popular brands in our country.

Water filtration test for methylene blue, similar in structure to pesticides and toxins

The first test is the simplest. It will require a solution of "Methylene Blue", which costs a maximum of 50 rubles and is sold in any pet store. Usually fish lovers use it to disinfect aquariums. Methylene blue is very similar in structure to some pesticides and toxins - only it has a pronounced blue color.

And if the water passing through the filter is blue or blue, it is clear that such a jug does not completely remove the very pesticides and toxins from the water, or only weakly.

Such a simple "blue" test of water in jugs shows: only "Aquaphor", ONE OF THREE jugs, completely copes with the task of purifying water from pesticides and toxins - the water in his case is colorless. The other two show a radical blue color. Conclusions are easy to draw: in fact, water from two "blue" filters may not be useful at all.

The second test is a little more complicated, because it will require making a solution with a 300-fold excess of the maximum permissible concentration of iron in water. Purpose of the test: To see how the jugs can or will not leak rusty water. Accordingly, the more yellow the water we get at the exit, the less faith in the effectiveness of a particular jug. And no cheerful advertising will save you.

Rust Water Filtration Test

The results, again, are evident: the cleaning of the same Aquaphor jug, which showed the best results with methylene blue, is obvious in comparison with the competitor. Of course, in ordinary tap water there is still no 300-fold excess of the iron content norm. But it is difficult to dispute the fact that Aquaphor cleans better.

By the way, these and other simple and uncomplicated experiments that allow you to evaluate the quality of home filters can be read in great detail at this link.
Thanks to the enthusiastic chemist who decided to test all filters for their real abilities, and posted his experiments and methods of their implementation on the network. In principle, this is the first full-fledged review of water filters in Runet - certainly no worse than any detailed review of a smartphone.

So why is Aquaphor more effective?

To be honest, the technology of most manufacturers of household water filtration systems has not progressed much over the past 30 years. In jug filters, as a rule, the same classic sorbent is used: activated carbon and ion exchange resin.

Their combination is capable of removing organic matter, oil products, chlorine, heavy metals. But there is a nuance. Water tends to form channels. Passing through the sorbent, it rather quickly forms "loopholes", channels between the granules of coal and resin. And it flies through such channels, practically uncleaned, with a whistle straight into our mug.

And now the Russian chemists from "Aquaphor" really took care of this problem - and they solved it! They developed and patented the special Aqualen-2 fiber. First, it removes heavy metal ions from water well and does not allow active silver ions to be washed out of the sorbent, which kill many (but not all) bacteria.

Secondly, and more importantly, Aqualen-2 bonds the granules with coconut charcoal and ion-exchange resin into a single composite - so that the sorbent itself keeps its structure and shape. And the water cannot pierce the channels in it. It is simply forced to be cleaned thanks to the "Aqualene coupling" of sorbent granules. Which, by the way, are 1.5-2 times smaller than those of competitors. Which is also good, because the finer and more homogeneous the composition of the sorbent, the higher its cleaning properties.

So that all this does not look unfounded, you can just look at the results of a real opening of cleaning cartridges from the same material on Habré. The insides of the filters, which did not perform well in the methylene blue and rust tests, literally look like heaps. And the sorbent "Aquaphor" looks like a nice cake (keeps its shape), and the fibers of Aqualen-2 are clearly visible in the photo.

And you can also clearly see where the "Aquaphor" delayed the "blue" - at the very top of the filter (this is the upper part of the filter cartridge), that is, at the farthest approaches to cleanliness. And therefore, one can almost safely (with a slight fear that one of the aforementioned manufacturers will want to hit on the head) to declare: filters with the letter “B” in experiments have shown the inability to make absolutely pure and harmless water out of dirty and actually toxic water.

This means that buying such a filter for your home means only one thing: before the filter, you drank chlorinated unfinished water, and with such filters you will continue to drink it. Although with a lower concentration of rubbish. Just spend on an advertised brand.

Replaceable modules after opening

"Aquaphor" and other types of filters

If in a simple filter jug ​​"Aquaphor" uses revolutionary solutions for cleaning - then what about the capabilities of more expensive and complex filters?

In the case of the Russian manufacturer "Aquaphor" unique developments, of course, there are more complex water filtration systems. Thanks to the presence of its own research institute (by the way, the largest in Europe of its kind!), The company has been one of the world leaders in innovation and development of water purification systems for 26 years.

More than 100 chemists, engineers, technologists and developers work in this domestic research institute. Over the entire period of the company's work, tens of millions of dollars have been invested in research and development, and Aquaphor supplies its filters to 44 countries of the world. Aquaphor also supplies filters to manufacturers of bottled water and produces filters for sale in retail under other brands: for example, the METRO Cash & Carry network sells Aro filters (the chain's own brand) produced by Aquaphor.

There is, for example, the Aquaphor Morion reverse osmosis filter, which not only 100% purifies water from all pollutants, including viruses. In the history of reverse osmosis, it is not so much the coolness of the filter that is important - the reverse osmosis filters of almost all brands are really very good. Consumer properties are also extremely important, as mentioned above.

• Dimensions (edit)... At "Aquaphor Morion" they are significantly less than those of competitors. Because the developers figured out how to put a 5-liter tank in the system itself (and not outside, like other brands), which made the filter almost twice as compact.
• Profitability... The same drainage water consumption at Aquaphor is 1.5-2 times lower than that of competitors: 2-3 liters versus 4-5 liters.
• Performance... "Aquaphor Morion" cleans about 8 liters per hour, while competitors - 5-7. At the same time, for normal operation, the "Aquaphor" will have enough pressure of 2 atmospheres. Analogues need from 3 atmospheres, which is not always achievable in typical old houses.

All this became possible thanks to another unique development of "Aquaphor" - a water-water storage tank. The fact is that usually in a reverse osmosis filter, when the tank is completely filled with water, 1/3 of its capacity remains empty (there is air). Therefore, the usual tank is quite large.

At home, you can purify water using household filters, freezing, settling, boiling, as well as a combination of all these and some other methods.

Spring water does not flow from our taps. This problem has been going on for more than a decade, and there is still no global solution. Perhaps, somewhere in a distant country, foreign utilities have already found a way to bring a "clean tear" into their homes. And we just have to look for our own methods of water purification for each individual apartment.

Why can't you leave it as it is?

The quality of tap water is far from any sanitary and simply human standards. Chlorination, or at best fluoridation, relieves it of infectious agents, but does not at all save it from additives such as pesticides, nitrates, and heavy metal salts.

Although industrial methods of water purification should become more perfect from year to year, in reality only the MPC standards change. The concentrations of harmful substances allowed for domestic water are artificially high and simply legalize the chemical "cocktail" that goes into our taps.

Cleaning options

There are a lot of home-made ways of how to purify water from harmful or simply unwanted impurities, but each of them fights with one group of substances or organisms. Therefore, in order to obtain the desired result, it is often necessary to take a whole range of measures.

Water purification at home is possible by several methods, but it is important to understand the physics of each process, since it is quite difficult to ideally divide the liquid into drinking and technical.

Water purification by settling

This method allows not only to separate the heavy sediment, it also gives the water time to self-purify from volatile ammonia and chlorine compounds. To make the process as efficient as possible, the water is settled in a container with a wide top and without a lid for at least 8 hours. Then you can pour it into a clean container, trying not to mix the layers, and pour out the bottom quarter altogether.

After each settling, rinse the sides and bottom of the main vessel with a solution of acetic or citric acid to remove limescale.

Filters for water

At one time, there was a boom in various filtration systems, the manufacturers of which promised problem-free water softening at home and almost 100% cleaning result. Gradually, the less effective ones dropped out, and the most reliable methods continue to be used in everyday life:

• Capacitive filter jugs are quite versatile, since they can accommodate cassettes with different degrees of water purification. The main thing is not to forget to change them regularly.
• Multilevel filtration systems - show themselves the best, but also cost accordingly. But they simultaneously use different methods of water purification, freeing it not only from debris, but also from chlorine, suspension of rust, some types of bacteria and viruses.

Boiling

The method is as old as the world, and effective not only for the destruction of pathogens. During boiling, calcium salts are removed from the water. True, they do not disappear at all, but settle on the inner surface of the kettle, after which they have to be removed from the dishes. Other solutes cannot be neutralized in this way, and purification of water from odor during boiling is impossible.

For rough preparation and disinfection of at least 50-70 percent, water should boil for at least 10-15 minutes, since most pathogens do not die immediately. A higher result of the destruction of pathogens by 98-99% requires even more time - about half an hour. And in the case of anthrax, you will have to boil the water for at least an hour. So an electric kettle with auto shutdown is definitely not suitable for these purposes.

But boiling also has a downside. Most urban water purification plants resort to chlorination in the old fashioned way, and after boiling, chlorine residues turn into a dangerous carcinogen - chloroform. In addition, the natural decrease in the volume of water increases the percentage of other impurities in it. So this method should be used only in a rigid bundle with settling, and double - before and after boiling.

Distillation

Simply put - evaporation. The same boiling, but the resulting steam will have to be collected. You will need a homemade water purification device that works like a distillation apparatus. The construction can be the simplest:

• closed container for boiling;
• steam outlet pipe;
• cooling coil;
• container for collecting distilled water.

In this case, all harmful substances will remain in the evaporator tank, and ideally clean water will collect in the condensing coil. It tastes, of course, unpleasant, and it is not worth using distillate regularly - after all, the supply of minerals in the human body is replenished, including drinking water. Moreover, the distilled liquid will dissolve useful salts already in the cells and flush out the substances necessary for normal life.

Silver and copper cleaning

Our distant ancestors knew how to purify water and make it safe. At least those who were rich enough to "drink and eat on silver." The disinfecting effect of pure Argentum is really widely known, but only precious metal is needed, not technical or even jewelry, which comes with additions of low-melting copper. In a silver bowl, the water is defended for about a day. If there is no such container, you can simply put a silver object in a regular container.

Copper kitchen utensils give a similar effect, but it is not recommended to keep water in it for more than 4 hours. Otherwise, instead of a disinfected liquid, you will receive a solution of poisonous compounds that have passed from copper.

Freezing

A surprisingly effective way to partially get rid of pathogenic bacteria and almost completely remove dissolved salts from the liquid. In this case, no complex device for water purification is required, except for a fairly spacious freezer.

The liquid from the tap must be poured into plastic bottles, but not to the very neck, but leaving a couple of centimeters free. As it freezes, the water will increase in volume and may break the container. For the same reason, glass cannot be used at all.

Send the prepared containers to the freezer, but monitor the condition of the water. When half to two-thirds of the volume freezes, the residues must be poured out - they contain a large amount of mineral impurities that do not allow the liquid to quickly solidify at 0 ° C. Ice can be thawed and used as intended, or additional water purification methods can be applied to improve the result.

Ozonation

Safe methods of purification, aimed specifically at disinfecting water, are used in modern ozonation systems. Enough 20 minutes of operation of such a device to destroy most harmful microbes. This effect persists for some time, so it is very useful to wash food products with ozonized water so that they become safe for humans.

Infusion on minerals (flint, shungite)

The method is very similar to settling tap water in a separate container, but with the addition of minerals. Silicon for water purification should be taken smaller so that the total surface area of ​​the stones is maximized. It has a disinfecting effect and even benefits the body. has a rejuvenating, immunostimulating effect, strengthens the walls of blood vessels.

You can buy this wonderful mineral at a pharmacy, but it is not difficult to use it: pour water and leave to infuse for a day or two. Silicon attracts impurities and pathogenic microbes, so only the upper layers of water can be used, otherwise the whole point of cleaning is lost. After that, the precipitate is removed and the next portion is poured. But first, inspect the pebbles so that there is no thin coating on them. If the silicon is dirty, it must be washed under running water with a clean toothbrush.

Shungite for the same purposes is recommended to be taken larger - for each liter of liquid, one 100-gram stone is needed. Cooking is almost no different from the recipe for silicon water: infusion for 3 days and pouring the top layers. The mineral needs to be cleaned every six months.

Shungite water should not be drunk by people prone to oncology, blood clots and high acidity of gastric juice.

Traditional methods

Many plants common in our latitudes also have cleansing properties. For example, when using rowan branches, even complete purification of water from the smell is possible - you just need to put fresh cuttings in it for a couple of hours. Willow bark, juniper and bird cherry leaves give the same bactericidal effect after 12 hours.

For quick cleaning of harmful impurities, use activated carbon at the rate of 1 tablet per glass. After a quarter of an hour, the water can be filtered and disinfected. Alternatively, use a homemade charcoal filter, laying several layers of cheesecloth with crushed powder. Alternatively, simply wrap the tablets in a clean piece of bandage and leave in a container of water overnight.

Pure water for the human body is, if not all, then a lot. The proper functioning of organs and systems is impossible without fluid. It seemed that to drink water, it was enough just to turn on the water tap. Nevertheless, not everything is so simple, and urban networks do not provide the required water purity. Despite the used cleaners, it still contains harmful impurities. That is why we tried to figure out how you can purify water at home without buying a filter.

How to make a water filter at home

High-quality purification of tap water is impossible without the use of special filters, which, by the way, are not too difficult to do with your own hands. Such a device will allow you to purify drinking water from the tap, making it truly useful.

To create a filter, you need the following things:

• cotton wool, gauze and textiles;
• paper napkins;
• coal and sand;
• herb and lutraxil.

Devices created from such materials purify water, the main thing is to take into account the fact that individual components act in different ways, and, therefore, have a different scope of application:

• filters made of paper and gauze do their job well, however, they are not too durable;
• fixtures with sand or gravel work much more;
• lutraxil, in principle, is considered the most durable and effective.

You can make a filter with your own hands in this way:

• Take a plastic bottle and cut off the bottom of it.
• Cut a hole in the lid of the plastic bucket.
• Place the bottle with the neck down in the hole.
• You can then fill the filter with the selected media.
• In order for the edges of the bucket and bottle to fit snugly together, it is enough to process them with sandpaper or put a rubber seal.

This is perhaps the most primitive type of filter; craftsmen create more complex designs that function perfectly and cope no worse than store ones.

How to clean tap water at home

Home water purification is not as laborious as it might seem at first glance. As a rule, most people use a water filter for this purpose, of which several varieties are known:

• on-pipe, which is located directly on the pipe;
• jug, into which you need to pour a certain amount of water;
• tabletop, with an individual faucet that supplies tap water directly to the glass;
• devices for reverse osmosis, which have not one water filter, but several.

There are several home methods that allow you to effectively purify the water yourself:

Boiling

It cleans the liquid well from harmful impurities, however, such an effect should last at least 20 minutes. In addition, this type of water purification has a number of disadvantages, including:

• failure to remove chlorine and its compounds;
• sedimentation of salts on the walls of the dishes, which increases the level of nitrates;
• such water, in principle, has no benefit.

Upholding

Able to clear liquid if lasts at least 8 hours. So you can clean the water from chlorine, and heavy metals will precipitate, which you just need to drain into the sink.

Salt

The use of salt involves dissolving a tablespoon of this mineral in 2 liters of water, and, after just half an hour, the water will become clear, free of heavy metals. Unfortunately, daily consumption of this liquid is not recommended.

Silver

Silver has been known for its antibacterial properties for a very long time. It is enough just to put a spoon made of this metal in a bowl for eight to ten hours to get purified life-giving moisture.

Rowan fruit

An ordinary rowan bunch is able to purify water, it is enough to put it in a container with liquid for three hours to get a clean product at the exit.

Freeze water treatment

Freezing is not only a method that allows you to cleanse the liquid from harmful compounds, it is a way to increase its quality several times. In this case, it is saturated with oxygen and loses salts and substances unnecessary to the human body.

The following stages of freezing water can be noted:

• The water should settle a little (for half an hour), after which it can be poured into a plastic container and placed in the freezer.
• When the liquid is covered with ice at the edges, you can remove the vessel.
• Now you need to drain the liquid that has not yet frozen, it is in it that dangerous compounds accumulate.
• Liquid that is frozen must thaw at room temperature, after which it can be applied.

Separately, it is worth noting the undeniable advantages of such a liquid:

• increasing the resources of the human body;
• elimination of cholesterol and salts;
• increasing the body's resistance to viruses and diseases;
• antiallergic effect;
• rejuvenation of the body.

Silicon water purification

The leading position in the purification of drinking water at home is occupied by the use of silicon. The procedure is fairly simple and usually straightforward.

The whole process goes like this:

• pour water into a glass or enamel vessel;
• omit silicon;
• cover the container with gauze;
• leave for several days, out of direct sunlight.

Silicon has a beneficial effect on the liquid, disinfecting it, in connection with which the following methods of its use can be noted:

• rinsing the throat and mouth;
• application to the skin;
• watering indoor and garden crops;
• use for cooking.

Separately, it should be noted that a black mineral should not be used to cleanse a liquid. In addition, such water is not recommended to be boiled.

Activated carbon water treatment

Liquid purification with activated carbon has been used for a long time, including in store filters. At home, having on hand several packs of these pills, it is quite possible to clear the liquid on your own. It is not for nothing that coal compounds act as a filter element in many structures, because it is capable of accumulating various odors in itself, as well as collecting harmful substances.

Several rules of coal water purification can be noted:

• for a liter of water, you need to take one tablet of coal;
• pack it in a gauze bag, which must be tightly tied;
• lower this container into liquid;
• leave overnight or for at least 8 hours;
• now you can use the purified liquid as directed.

Tourmaline balls for water purification

Tourmaline balls are a highly advertised product today that allows you to purify water. They have the ability to improve the taste of water and create a special biological field inside its molecules, which greatly improves the quality of the latter.

This ability of tourmaline is due to the fact that they have the ability to charge liquid through a weak generation of electric current. Even bathing in such moisture allows you to start the processes of renewing skin cells, not to mention its ingestion, which allows you to remove excess fats, cheer up and rejuvenate the body as a whole.

By using tourmaline balls, you can saturate the liquid with oxygen to a large extent. It is not difficult to use them, you need to put the mineral in a warm liquid and leave it there for a while. After use, it must be thoroughly washed and dried. It is worth noting that the warmer the water, the higher the cleansing effect of the tourmaline balls.

How to remove fluoride from water

Purification of water from the impurity of fluorine is of no small importance, because modern research shows a not very beneficial effect of its excess on the human body. Even though it has a beneficial effect on the condition of the teeth and bones of a person.

Nevertheless, an excess of this substance can cause the appearance of various health problems, including with the condition of the teeth and their enamel, as well as the human nervous system. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, a fluoride content not exceeding one milligram per liter is considered the norm. However, studies show that this figure is overestimated in urban pipes.

You can remove fluoride from water at home in this way:

• collect water in a non-metallic container, the liquid must be cold;
• now the container should stand open for a while so that the chlorine compounds disappear;
• after that, you can cover the bowl with a lid and leave it that way for 8 hours;
• now the liquid can be consumed, however, the sediment from the bottom must be poured out.

Alternatively, you can simply boil the liquid for 15 minutes, which will also remove fluoride from it.

How to remove chlorine from water

Modern plumbing supplies people with liquid into the apartment, after cleaning it with chlorine-containing substances. However, it is not uncommon for their concentration to exceed the permissible limits.

The most accessible method is the usual sedimentation of water, which is chlorinated at a waterworks. To implement this method, you need to leave the liquid in the container for a day, after which that part of it that settles (about 200 ml) must be poured out without using it for drinking or household needs.

It is worth noting that the filtered moisture, for which specialized cassettes are used, does not contain harmful chlorine compounds at all. Unfortunately, it cannot be stored for a long time, because various microorganisms begin to actively multiply in it.

How to remove nitrates from water

It is not too difficult to purify water from nitrates, and the body will certainly thank a person for such help. Most often, nitrates enter the liquid along with industrial and agricultural wastewater, where this substance is added to accelerate the ripening of fruits.

It is not uncommon for nitrates to be present in well water, so it is important to always take such a liquid for analysis to determine the level of various elements before using it.

It is unlikely that it will be possible to remove nitrates from tap water on your own at home; it is best to use one of the industrial methods:

• filters with anion exchange membranes;
• mechanisms operating on the basis of reverse osmosis.

Shungite for water purification at home

Among the considered methods of water purification at home, a special place is occupied by the use of shungite, which has the ability to remove from it not only harmful bacteria, but also unwanted microorganisms. This substance is used in most modern filters, due to its ability to attract harmful compounds of chlorine, phenol and acetone.

You need to use shungite like this:

• pour the water to be purified into glass or enamel dishes;
• put shungite in this container, and for a liter of water you will need at least one hundred grams of rock;
• in half an hour, the liquid will be rid of bacteria, and after three days it will acquire healing properties.

It is worth noting that at first the water will have a black tint, which will gradually fade away and sink to the bottom as a sediment. In villages, shungite weighing thirty to sixty kilograms is quite often placed in a well, which makes it possible to cleanse its contents from bacteria and nitrates and impart useful properties to water.

In conclusion, it should be emphasized that water purification at home is an important process that should in no way be neglected, especially in cases where tap or well water leaves much to be desired. After all, the state of human health depends on the quality of the liquid used.

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