Since April 2015 year ... Russian production of ceramic bricks fell until May 2017, then a rebound began. The situation in this market is reflected in the table compiled according to Rosstat data.

The leaders in the production of these products are LLC LSR. Stenovye, LLC Wienerberger Brick, LLC OSMIBT, JSC Slavyansky Brick, JSC Norsk Ceramic Plant, JSC Golitsyn Ceramic Plant.

In June 2017, the production of ceramic bricks increased by 9% compared to May 2017, but compared to June 2016, it shows a negative trend by 5%. Experts point to a direct correlation with the cement market. We also note that bricks, unlike building stones made of gas silicate or aerated concrete, can be stored for years in open areas, so many brick factories, even with a decrease in demand, work as a warehouse.

At the same time, due to the gigantic size of the country, there are several regional markets in Russia. The fact is that the railway transportation of bricks for more than 1000 km loses all economic sense, but if you use road transport - no more than 300-400 km.

Most of the ceramic non-refractory building bricks in (mln standard bricks) of the total volume in the first half of 2017, as in 2016, were produced and sold in the Central federal district, which is the largest regional market. We are talking about the most prosperous Russian regions - Moscow and St. Petersburg, the Volga region and the center of the Chernozem region.

The largest demand for ceramic bricks as a percentage of the total volume is observed in the Kaliningrad region, where 45% of all new housing construction falls on the construction of this wall material. Residents of this enclave prefer to buy apartments with autonomous gas equipment or in brick buildings no higher than 9 floors. Most developers react to this regional specificity, explaining it by the fashion for German houses.

On average in the country, the share of housing construction from "red" brick is kept at the level of 18.7-18.8% and ranks second after monolithic housing construction.

A more "gloomy" picture is observed for silicate bricks. For the first half of 2017, the volume of its output is estimated at 1,012 mln conv. brick, or 11% less than in the same period a year earlier. But what is interesting, in the Ural and Siberian federal districts, last year's production figures for this building material have been preserved.

The average factory cost of sand-lime bricks in Russia (excluding VAT and delivery) remained at the level of the summer of 2016 and amounted to approximately 5,900 rubles / thous. PCS. This, most likely, indicates a zero profitability of production, which is a harbinger of bankruptcy.

The negative in the national brick production is due to two factors: with a decrease in demand for housing due to a drop in the level of income of the population and, as a consequence, a decrease in investment in fixed assets. At the same time, the Ministry economic development predict an increase in investment in fixed assets of at least 2.7% per year in the period 2017-2020. This is due to the rise in the cost of oil on world markets and the adaptation of the Russian economy to Western sanctions.

In confirming the forecasts of the Ministry of Economic Development, Rosstat has already recorded an increase in the volume of construction work: in May by 3.8%, in June - by 5.3%. The situation in the mortgage market and the developers' revenue are also improving.

As a result of this revival in the market, there is a restructuring of a significant number of brick manufacturers, who began to change the norms of behavior with buyers. It is noted that customers have become more discerning and literate, and they no longer manage to “sell” bad products, as they did five years ago.

However, the current improvement will not give everyone a respite. It is unlikely to be used by brick factories with energy-intensive technologies, which are characterized by worn-out equipment. There are about 33% of enterprises that still feel very bad. It is highly likely that they will go bankrupt in the next two or three years. If this happens, then Russian builders will face an acute shortage of this environmentally friendly wall material in 2020.

In general, the situation in this market can be characterized by a well-known expression, slightly paraphrasing it: the salvation of the "drowning" brick factories is the business of the "drowning" ones, especially since the storm is abating.

For thousands of years, brick has been considered the most popular material suitable for the construction of various structures and buildings. More recently, brick was produced by hand using special hand presses and kilns. These simple devices formed the basis of modern automated equipment, which made it possible to minimize labor costs in the field of brick production.

Brick making methods in a brick factory

Depending on the production technology, there are two main methods of brick production. The firing method involves placing the clay mass, previously processed by belt presses, in special furnaces for subsequent firing and obtaining a finished building material. The non-firing method does not require a kiln - the material dries naturally. To begin with, the raw material is crushed to a particle size of no more than 3-5 mm, after which it is combined with water and cement, and then pressed. The pressing procedure requires vibration presses, hyper presses or tribopresses.

A brick factory is a complex production that requires the owner to know the specifics of this business and a number of subtleties. Of course, brick production is a very profitable business, which leads to the constant appearance of new players in the industrial production market. You can start with a mini-factory, gradually developing and transforming an existing production into a large enterprise. To a greater extent, the efficiency of the work depends on the available equipment.

The main equipment of the brick factory

Let's give an example of the equipment required for the operation of a brick mini-factory, which allows producing from 3 million bricks per year.

• 1) Equipment for the preparation of the main raw materials (clay) is the first stage of production. To obtain a homogeneous clay mass and separate stones from it, rollers are used.
• 2) For pressing clay. At this stage, the clay mass is placed in special pressing machines. The belt press used in the production of bricks using the firing technology is connected with a wire to a cutting machine, which allows the product to be formed. A brick made by non-firing technology involves the use of hyper-pressing or tribopressing methods, which are "cold welding". Finely ground mineral materials with the addition of a small amount of water and cement are pressed under high pressure
• 3) For moving bricks (special). To transport bricks to the drying chamber, wooden frames (drying rails or drying trays) are used. They are located below the material conveyor and move at a speed slightly faster than the clay belt.
• 4) For drying bricks (drying chambers). The formed bricks are transported to dryers, which are of three types, depending on the type of heating. Natural drying is used in cases where the volume of bricks produced is relatively small. Such drying takes a long time and requires free space for material placement. In artificial drying, steam is used, which remains after firing bricks, or gases of combustion products. The process of drying bricks occurs due to hot air (its temperature is 350-400 ° C), which is supplied directly from the oven to the drying chamber, for which an exhauster is used. The fans installed in the chamber distribute hot air evenly and prevent premature drying of the surface. Flue gases are used much less frequently for drying bricks, since underground pipes or channels must be laid to access the drying chamber.
• 5) Firing equipment - special kilns are one of the most important components of production. As a rule, modern factories are equipped with tunnel-type furnaces, although ring-type furnaces are found. The interior of the furnace is lined with fireclay refractory bricks. There are three main zones of the furnace: the preparatory zone, the firing zone, and the zone for material cooling. The bricks are fired using burners installed on the sides of the kiln or at the top. The firing procedure takes place at a very high air temperature - from 900 to 1000 ° C, which affects the excellent properties of this building material. The finished brick has a different color, depending on the composition of the raw materials and the degree of firing. In any case, the material should be matte, with no cracks, chips and internal voids, and emit a sonorous sound upon impact.
• 6) For packaging - brick packaging lines. After firing, the material is transferred to commodity pallets for subsequent wrapping. Automated equipment for grabbing bricks from oven carts allows you to perform work without interruptions and disruptions. The brick is packaged mainly with stretch film or metal / polyurethane tape.

So, high-quality equipment is the key to the effective operation of a brick factory. The relevance of this material for builders and architects determines the constant demand for bricks, which, accordingly, is reflected in the income level of the owners of brick production and allows you to quickly recoup the funds invested in the business. A production equipped with high-quality machines and devices will not only speed up the work process and facilitate the work of employees, but will also help expand the range of products.

Specifications

PK250 - a complex for the manufacture of building blocks

The equipment is used in production at a construction site or in a workshop. It can work with soil-sand, soil-cement compositions, as well as various low-moisture and free-flowing masses. The company carries out a patented activity. It is documented by patents:

No. 2340446 for the production of devices for working with bulk and plastic materials;

No. 2416516 on the method of forming products by batch compaction.

The rich nomenclature includes complete systems for the release of building material. Products are available at manufacturer's price. Delivery within the country is possible. Sales managers will answer all questions by phone and indicate the cost.

Description and characteristics

Model PK250 is designed to create building materials by batch compaction. He uses in the process a low-moisture free-flowing composition, in particular with mixtures of soil, sand and cement. The main advantage is the use directly on the construction site.

The installation was created taking into account all standards and meets the current requirements. The model has several advantages:

Profitability due to low energy consumption;

The minimum consumption of the mixture;

High productivity when processing fine-grained, soil-sandy and low-moisture raw materials;

Ease of operation and maintenance;

The quality of finished products;

Low cost;

Same density.

The machine operates with a flawless batch compaction technique that surpasses all other forming methods. The main advantages of the technique are the low price and efficiency of the production process. The complex design is based on several modules. This simplifies the installation and maintenance process. It is possible to use 4 types of forms at once. PK250 eliminates the cost of creating an expensive foundation.

Design features

The equipment is created on the basis of several separate parts that work together and form a single system to create high quality products. Components of PK250:

Chopper - performs the function of preparing the composition before serving. Prevents hard parts from entering the system, and eliminates machine breakdowns.

Forming machine - distributes components evenly when creating products;

Conveyor belt - guarantees feeding at the right speed;

Mixer - is responsible for maintaining the proportions when combining a mixture of different consistencies.

The technique has unique technical characteristics. PK250 has a capacity of 150 blocks per hour. Push-button control makes operation easier. Model characteristics: dimensions 2250x1690x1610 mm and total weight 1.765 tons. The blower swings at a frequency of 50 times per minute. It moves horizontally and vertically by 160 and 40 mm. Each form is equipped with four cells for finished blocks with parameters 390x190x90. Requirements from the network -380 (220, 200) V. The blower drive has a power of 5 kW. Technical characteristics ensure convenient and efficient use.

Cooperation and company advantages

Sales managers are ready to answer in detail all questions regarding the configuration and modes. You can find out technical details and prices, as well as get help choosing the right configuration. The company's specialists will help with installation and configuration, and will also tell you about the intricacies of connecting to the utility network. It is possible to train personnel and perform commissioning procedures.

The manufacturer gives a guarantee for complexes for the production of building materials. Maintenance and repairs are carried out on time and taking into account the interests of the client. Pluses of the Kuvandyk plant "Dolina".

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

Department "Marketing"

COURSE WORK

Brick market research

Introduction

The construction materials market directly depends on the construction market, being in direct dependence, and this dependence is reciprocal: the presence of construction companies on the market requires the presence of production of construction materials, which in turn rely on the demand of construction organizations for construction materials. A careful study of the need will allow you to properly organize the production of the required volume of construction products.

One of the most basic and popular building materials is brick, which is used both in individual housing construction and in large-scale ones. Brick has been used in construction for a very long time and therefore has established itself as a time-tested building material.

Buildings and structures built of bricks are usually more expensive than buildings built of wood and concrete panels. Brick gives the constructed object durability, increases operational characteristics, as well as brick buildings have a varied architectural appearance. brick competitor pricing imports

Today there is a large assortment of bricks, where manufacturers have diversified this building material in terms of price, technical performance and appearance.

In accordance with the All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities (OKVED), approved by order of Rostekhregulirovanie No. 329-st of 22.11.2007, the production of building bricks is classified according to code 26.40 "production of bricks, tiles and other building products from fired clay" refers to section D, subsection DI “Manufacture of other non-metallic material structures”.

This class includes:

Production of non-refractory clay building materials: production of ceramic bricks, roof tiles, deflectors, ceramic sewer and drainage pipes, etc .;

Production of baked clay floor blocks.

This class does not include:

Manufacture of building refractory ceramic products;

Production of ceramic slabs and paving blocks.

In accordance with the All-Russian classifier of products OK 005-93 OKP, approved by the Resolution of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of December 31, 1993 No. 301, wall materials (without reinforced concrete wall panels) (57 4100) in the context of the type of product include:

- "ceramic brick" - code 57 4121;

- "silicate and slag brick" - code 57 4124;

- “bricks and building stones from tripoli and diatomites” - code 57 4126.

In this term paper I reviewed the classification of bricks, its technical characteristics, an overview of the brick market in Russia and by Krasnoyarsk Territory separately, market changes over the past 4 years.

1. Typology of commercial products, the main types in the Russian market, features of the use of brick products

Brick is an artificial stone of the correct shape, used as a building material, made from mineral materials, with the properties of a stone, strength, water resistance, frost resistance.

According to the purpose, ceramic bricks are divided into ordinary (this is building) and front (this is facing, facing, finishing, facade).

Ordinary (building) brick is used for internal masonry or for external rows, but with subsequent plastering. Ordinary brick sometimes has a depressed geometric pattern on the side (for better adhesion to the plaster).

The front (facing) brick is of a uniform color, has two smooth, even front surfaces (the so-called "poke" and "spoons"). It is, as a rule, hollow (that is, there are many voids in its "body", which makes the wall of such a brick warmer).

According to its composition and manufacturing method, the brick is divided into two groups - ceramic (building and facing) and silicate (white)

· Ceramic bricks (clay) are obtained by firing clays and their mixtures. Ceramic bricks are usually used for the construction of load-bearing and self-supporting walls and partitions, single-storey and multi-storey buildings and structures, internal partitions, filling voids in monolithic concrete structures, laying foundations, the inside of chimneys, industrial and domestic furnaces.

Facing ceramic bricks are made using a special technology, which gives it a lot of advantages. The facing brick should be not only beautiful, but also reliable. Facing bricks are usually used in the construction of new buildings, but can also be successfully used in various restoration work. It is used for cladding plinths of buildings, walls, fences, for interior design.

Thus, ceramic bricks have the following competitive advantages:

* strong and wear-resistant: ceramic bricks have high frost resistance, which is confirmed by many years of experience in its use in construction;

* good sound insulation: walls made of ceramic bricks, as a rule, meet the requirements of [SP] 51.13330.2011 "Protection against noise".

* low moisture absorption (less than 14%, and for clinker bricks this figure can reach 3%): ceramic bricks dries quickly;

* environmental friendliness: ceramic bricks are made from environmentally friendly natural raw materials - clay, using a technology that has been familiar to mankind for tens of centuries. During the operation of buildings built from it, red brick does not emit substances harmful to humans, such as radon gas;

* resistance to almost all climatic conditions: allows you to maintain reliability and appearance;

* high strength (15 MPa and more - 150 atm.);

* high density (1950 kg / m3, up to 2000 kg / m3 with manual molding);

* frost resistance: facing brick has high frost resistance, and this is especially important for the northern climate. Frost resistance of bricks is, along with strength, the most important indicator of its durability. Ceramic facing bricks are ideal for the Russian climate;

* strength and stability: due to its high strength and low volume of porosity, masonry erected from facing products is distinguished by high strength and amazing resistance to impact environment;

* various textures and colors: the range of different shapes and colors of facing bricks makes it possible to create imitation of old buildings in the construction of a modern house, and will also make it possible to replace the lost fragments of the facades of old mansions.

Along with the advantages, this type has disadvantages, namely:

* high price: due to the fact that ceramic brick requires several stages of processing, its price is quite high compared to the price of silicate brick;

* the possibility of efflorescence: unlike silicate brick, ceramic brick “requires” a high-quality solution, otherwise efflorescence may appear;

* the need to purchase all required facing bricks from one batch: if facing ceramic bricks are purchased from different batches, problems with tone may arise.

· Silicate brick - consists of about 90% sand, 10% lime and a small proportion of additives. The mixture is sent to an autoclave and not to a kiln, as is the case with ceramic bricks. If you add color pigments to the batch, you can get silicate brick of almost any color - blue, green, crimson, purple, black. Silicate brick is usually used for the construction of load-bearing and self-supporting walls and partitions, single-storey and multi-storey buildings and structures, internal partitions, filling voids in monolithic concrete structures, the outer part of chimneys.

Silicate brick has the following competitive advantages:

* Environmental friendliness: sand-lime bricks are made from environmentally friendly natural raw materials - lime and sand, according to a technology that has been familiar to mankind for several centuries;

* sound insulation: this plays an important role in the construction of inter-apartment or interior walls. Silicate bricks are used for laying walls and pillars in civil and industrial construction;

* in comparison with ceramic, silicate brick has a higher density;

* high frost resistance and strength; silicate brick in terms of strength and frost resistance significantly exceeds the brands of lightweight concrete. The builders give a 50-year guarantee for the facades built from it;

* reliability and a wide range of products; reliability and a wide range of silicate bricks allows it to be used both in new construction and during reconstruction. Textured, colored silicate bricks will decorate the facades of both public and residential buildings, and country cottages, summer cottages;

* type of painting: colored silicate bricks are colored in bulk in the same way as ceramic bricks. But, unlike ceramic bricks, silicate coloring can be done only with the help of special artificial dyes, and ceramic bricks acquire a certain color as a result of mixing different types of clay;

* unpretentiousness: buildings made of silicate bricks are unpretentious and resistant to external factors. The vagaries of nature do not significantly affect its appearance, the facade retains its color and does not require additional maintenance, except when used in aggressive environments or in conditions of high humidity.

A serious disadvantage of silicate bricks is reduced water resistance and heat resistance, therefore, it cannot be used in structures exposed to water (foundations, sewer wells, etc.) and high temperatures (furnaces, chimneys, etc.).

When choosing a brick, it is necessary to pay close attention not only to its type, but also to the set of technical characteristics. The main properties of bricks, by which this building material is classified: strength, frost resistance, density, thermal conductivity and porosity.

Density:

The density of a brick shows the ratio of the mass of the material to its volume, taking into account the pores and voids. That is, this indicator indirectly reflects the porosity and thermal conductivity of the material and therefore is used as one of the main characteristics of the brick.

Porosity:

The structure of a brick depends on the degree of filling of its volume with pores. Many of its operational characteristics depend on the coefficient of porosity of a building material: strength, frost resistance, thermal conductivity, etc.

Strength:

The key characteristic of a brick, according to which a digital brand designation is assigned to it, is its strength. This indicator reflects the ability of a material to withstand certain loads under certain conditions without deformation and destruction. The strength of the brick, indicated by the marking after the letter "M", shows the maximum permissible load per cm2. surface of the material. For example, bricks are of grades M100, M200, M250, M300, etc. The higher the number, the stronger the brick.

Thermal conductivity:

The thermal conductivity of bricks is reflected in the coefficient of thermal conductivity specified by the manufacturer, which shows the ability of the material to transfer heat from one surface to another, subject to the initial difference in their temperatures.

Frost resistance:

The frost resistance index of building materials is very important for countries with variable climates - it shows the minimum number of freezing and thawing cycles permissible for the material without damage and loss of strength. This indicator is marked with the letter F and a digital designation corresponding to the number of cycles: F25, F35, F50, F100, etc. In Russia, the construction of industrial premises and residential buildings is carried out using bricks marked at least F35.

Also, bricks in the modern construction market can have different shapes, sizes, colors and other variable external differences. The variety of materials allows you to accurately implement the wishes of customers and implement the design solutions of designers at a high level of quality and aesthetics.

2. Brick market overview

2.1 Research of the Russian brick market, dynamics of production and sales, pricing trends, indicators of import and export volumes, price determinants

As you know, the main consumers of brick products are construction companies, whose finished products include bricks. Thus, the demand for bricks directly depends on the success of firms conducting construction activities. Construction companies use bricks for the construction of civil, industrial and public facilities. The finished products of construction organizations are industrial, civil, residential buildings, special structures.

Another consumer of brick is the population, which also uses it as a building material: for the construction of houses, garages, summer cottages, fences, etc.

There are three main segments of bricks in Russia: refractory ceramic bricks, silicate bricks and building bricks made of cement, concrete or artificial stone.

In the structure of the market, more than 52% falls on ceramic bricks, about 30% - on bricks made of cement, concrete or artificial stone, and about 18% - on silicate bricks.

Most of the brick goes to the construction of housing and civil objects, thus the volume of brick production depends on the pace of construction and commissioning of finished construction projects. Table 1 presents data on the volumes of commissioning of residential and non-residential buildings for the period from 2000 to 2014.

Table 1 - Commissioning of residential and non-residential buildings in the Russian Federation

Table 1 shows that for the period 2000-2014, the number of commissioned buildings is growing, with the exception of the crisis period, after which the growth rates fell, but further growth is traced. There is a significant difference between the indicators of 2000 and 2014, if in 2000 the number of commissioned buildings was 119.7 thousand, then in 2014 there were already 298 thousand.With regard to the total construction volume of buildings, in 2011 this indicator almost reached the pre-crisis level and amounted to 423 million cubic meters, (in 2009 - 423.6 million In subsequent years, the growth rates grew rapidly and by 2104 the total construction volume of buildings amounted to 616 million m3, of which 402 million m3 were residential buildings and 213 million m3 were non-residential buildings.

Thus, the dynamics of the construction market over the past 4 years has shown steady growth, therefore, this growth entails an increase in demand for construction materials, in particular - brick.

There is an increase in the production of ceramic bricks, from 2010 to 2014 the volume increased by 2.4 billion conv. bricks, if in 2010 this volume was 5 billion conv. bricks, then by the end of 2014 the production of ceramic bricks in Russia increased by 3% and amounted to 7.4 billion conv. Bricks, we note that this is a record mark over the past 10 years. Since 2011, the growth rate began to gradually decline, in 2011 the growth rate was 122%, in 2014 - 106%.

The largest volume of ceramic bricks is produced in the Central Federal District (28% at the end of 2014) and the Volga Federal District (27% at the end of 2014). This is followed by the Siberian Federal District (14%) and the Southern Federal District (12%).

Table 2 presents data on the volume of brick production by territorial division for the period 2010-2014 in physical terms.

Table 2 - Dynamics of the volume of production of ceramic bricks by federal districts in 2010-2014

Such a large share of brick production in the Central Federal District is primarily associated with the volume of construction, which also occupy a leading position in the country as a whole.

Also, one of the leading places in the production of ceramic bricks is occupied by the Southern Federal District, this fact is associated with the preparation for the Olympic Games, which were held in Sochi in 2014, at this time fragment was a large-scale construction of Olympic facilities that require a great need for building materials, therefore the widest production of bricks was launched in this area. The same reason is the warm climate in this region, which makes it possible to extract raw materials for production for a longer period of the year.

As for the Siberian Federal and Volga, which occupy one of the leading places in terms of brick production, such a high volume is primarily associated with the large deposits of mineral rocks used for brick production.

Note that in 2014 the production of ceramic bricks increased compared to 2013 in the Northwestern Federal District (+ 18%), the Northwestern Federal District (+ 18%), the Central Federal District (+ 6%) and the Volga Federal District (+ 5%). In the Ural Federal District, the volume of production remained at the level of 2013, and a decrease was recorded in the Southern Federal District (-6%), the Far Eastern Federal District (-8%) and the Siberian Federal District (-2%).

The aggregate proceeds from the sale of finished bricks are presented in Table 3.

Table 3 - Dynamics of proceeds (net) from the sale of goods, products, works, services (net of value added tax, excise taxes and other similar mandatory payments).

The proceeds from the sale of brick manufacturers nationwide from 2010 to 2014 doubled, the Ural Federal District showed the most significant change in revenue for this period, the total revenue of manufacturers increased by 15,184,981 thousand rubles. or by 167.4%, the lowest revenue indicator for the Volga Federal District.

The seasonal factor has a significant impact on the volume of production. Three main components are used to make bricks - sand, clay, limestone, the extraction of which depends on the season. Table 4 presents data on the volume of brick production in 2014, broken down by month.

Table 4 - Seasonality of ceramic brick production in natural and percentage terms in 2010 - 2014

Most of the volume of brick production falls on the warm season, this is the period from April to August, about 68% of the total volume is produced in these months.

This fluctuation is associated with the extraction of raw materials during this period of the year. The main components of bricks are sand, clay and limestone, which are easiest to extract in the warm season, since the soil is not frozen at this time and provides more opportunities for the extraction of raw materials for the production of bricks. Another reason for such a gap is the production technology itself, where at one of the technological stages of brick production is its cooling, some manufacturers do it outdoors, at a certain temperature, as usual, the temperature should not be low. It is in the warm season that there is such an opportunity.

Also, this high seasonal demand for brick is associated with the consumers themselves, as a rule, individual buyers in the summer season are engaged in the improvement of their plots or the construction of houses, and construction companies, in comfortable conditions from the point of view of the weather, are gaining the pace of construction work.

The share of imports of ceramic bricks does not account for a large part, due to the developed production of bricks in Russia, where developers are quite satisfied with domestic products, this share does not occupy a large part in the segment. Imported bricks are more expensive than domestic ones.

Figure 4 presents data on the volume of imports of ceramic bricks.

It can be seen that imports from 2012 to 2014 increased markedly, so by 13% there was an increase in imports for 2012-2013, then the increase was insignificant, but the positive dynamics remained. The volume of imports of ceramic bricks at the end of 2014 amounted to 693 thousand tons (about 200 million conventional bricks with an average weight of 1 brick = 3.45 kg), which is 2% higher than the level of 2013. In value terms, the volume of imports amounted to USD 81 million, which is 5% less than in 2013.

According to the results of 1 quarter. In 2015, Russia imported 39 thousand tons of ceramic bricks (11 million conventional bricks) in the amount of USD 3 million.

The key importer of ceramic bricks to Russia is Belarus, whose share in physical terms at the end of 2014 was 51%. In value terms, the leaders are Germany (33% at the end of 2014) and Belarus (27% at the end of 2014).

In 2014, the import of ceramic bricks from Belarus increased, the volume of supplies from Germany remained practically at the level of 2013, and a decrease in supplies is observed for the rest of the key supplying countries.

Table 5 - The volume of imports of ceramic bricks by country of origin in 2013-March 2015, thousand tons and in%

According to Table 5, it can be seen that the greatest changes are undergone in the volume of brick imports from China, the decline from this country is 86%, the import also decreases from Estonia and other countries, while the volume of imports increased by 20% compared to 2013. from Belarus, the same indicator of imports from Germany remained almost unchanged, the increase was about 1%.

As a rule, the export and import of bricks is carried out with countries bordering on the territory, mainly the CIS countries.

Below are the data on the export volumes of ceramic bricks for 2012-2014 (tab. 6-8)

Table 6 - Export of ceramic bricks in 2012

The largest buyer of Russian bricks in 2012 was Kazakhstan, which purchased 12065 thousand tons of ceramic bricks in the amount of 1735.8 thousand dollars in just a year, Ukraine is in second place in the purchase of bricks, deliveries to this country were made in the amount of 561.8 thousand. dollars, the total volume of supplies to the CIS countries in 2012 amounted to 15133 thousand tons in the amount of 2603.7 thousand dollars, to non-CIS countries - 1580 thousand tons or 383.3 thousand dollars.

Table 7 - Export of ceramic bricks in 2013

In 2013, the total volume of supplies increased, so 22,917 thousand tons were shipped to the CIS countries for the amount of 3406.9 thousand dollars, which is 54.4% higher than the previous year. Kazakhstan remains the leader in the import of Russian bricks, which purchased more than 21211 thousand tons of ceramic bricks in 2013. Exports to non-CIS countries decreased, the decline was 22%.

Table 8 - Export of ceramic bricks in 2014

In 2014, Russia significantly increased the export of ceramic bricks compared to the two previous periods (2012 and 2013), total exports amounted to 692,528 thousand tons of ceramic bricks in the amount of $ 82,195.2 thousand, compared to 2013, the volume of supplies increased by 2,767%. In addition to the CIS countries, European countries, as well as the United States, began to buy ceramic bricks. Belarus is the leader in the import of domestic bricks. The tendency of a sharp increase in the purchase of Russian bricks is associated with the devaluation of the ruble, due to its fall in relation to foreign currency, it has become profitable for external buyers to purchase such building material as ceramic bricks from Russia.

The pricing of a brick product is primarily influenced by its most important component in the cost estimate - raw materials (clay, sand). At what distance is the quarry for the extraction of minerals, in what way it is added, the depth of the rocks, the method of delivery to the production site - all this affects the cost raw material base production of finished products.

Producers, if they extract raw materials on their own, as a rule, locate their factories in the vicinity of the place of occurrence of minerals in order to save transport costs.

Delivery of finished bricks to the buyer also incurs additional costs, this is influenced by the degree of remoteness of the buyer from the supplier, if it is a brick from a neighboring region, then the price will be higher due to the remoteness of the buyer from the supplier.

The cheapest way to buy at a brick factory, but then you have to pay a lot for transport. In trading companies, brick costs on average 10% more than in a factory, but this price also includes delivery to the place. In addition, firms practice discounts. In construction markets, where you can buy a brick by the piece, its price can be twice as high as at the factory.

The price depends on the brand of brick as follows: the higher the brand, the more expensive the brick. Brick M-125 is about 10% more expensive than M-100. The difference in price between the "hundredth" and "two hundredth" brands can be 25-35%.

It is more profitable to buy ceramic stones or double stone. The dependence here is approximately the following: an increase in the size of a brick by 50% increases its price by 20%. For example, a single brick costs 10 rubles, a one and a half brick will cost 15 rubles, and a double brick will cost 17 rubles.

In general, the higher the brand, the more expensive it is. And the larger the stone, the cheaper it is. If you buy from a factory, you will have to pay for transportation. And it will not always be cheaper than buying a brick from a dealer firm, probably, this is the cheapest option when buying a brick, brand 100-125.

Average brick prices in Russia are shown in Table 9.

Table 9 - Average prices of brick producers in the Russian Federation in 2010-2014

In the country as a whole, from 2010 to 2014, the price of ceramic bricks increased by 54% for ceramic bricks and 38% for silicate bricks.

As for the territorial division of changes in brick prices, the data are presented in table 10

Table 10 - Change in prices for the period from the beginning of the reporting year in% to the corresponding period of the previous year 2012-2015

In the Central Federal District, the largest sharp rise in prices was in 2013, in 2015 the growth slowed down and the change relative to 2014 remained 1.35% In the Northwestern Federal District, the dynamics is diverse, prices either fall or rise, so in 2012 there was a decrease in brick prices by 2 , 32%, followed by an increase of as much as 13%, after the change decreased and in 2015 amounted to 4.57%. Fluctuations in brick prices occurred in the North Caucasus Federal District, in 2012 the decline was 8.1%, in 2013 an increase of 6.2%, in 2014 again a decline of 5.39% and in 2015 the price increase was 12.26%. Negative dynamics is shown by the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern District, in these districts the price change is going in the negative direction.

Let's calculate the market size based on structural characteristics (formula 1):

Market capacity = Pr - E + I + (He - Ok), (1)

where, Pr - production within the country;

E - export;

And - import;

He is the balance of goods in warehouses at the beginning of the period;

Ok - remains of goods in warehouses at the end of the period.

The capacity of the ceramic brick market (thousand tons) in 2014 was:

Market capacity = 2144928 - 692528 + 693 + (243913 - 272463) = 1424543

Approximately 1,424,543 thousand tons of ceramic bricks were enough in 2014 to meet the demand of potential consumers.

2.2 Research of the brick market in the Krasnoyarsk Territory: trends in brick production, main manufacturers and consumers, competitive alternatives to brick products

The development of the construction industry in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is gaining momentum every year. First of all, this is due to the growth of the population in this region, which has been growing steadily since 2011, if in 2011 the number was 2 859 105 people, then at the end of 2014 it approached 2 858 773 people of the permanent population. This dynamics requires an increase in the number of residential areas, and, consequently, an increase in the production of building materials.

There is a noticeable difference between 2010 and 2014, during this period the volume of construction work increased by 55.5%, since 2013 there has been a decrease in growth.

Let us consider the dynamics of brick production in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in relation to production volumes in Siberia and across the country (Table 11).

Table 11 - Brick production, conv. bricks

As already noted, the early Siberian Federal District occupies one of the leading places in terms of brick production, this is about 13.6% in 2014. As for the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the table shows a steady increase in brick production, from 2010 to 2014 the volume of production increased by 85.7 million conv. bricks or 76.5%, a large share of the production volume is occupied by the production of bricks from concrete and artificial stone. The share of production of the Krasnoyarsk Territory within the Okrug in 2014 was about 20%. Table 12 shows data on the revenue of the regions of the Siberian Federal District.

Table 12 - Dynamics of proceeds (net) from the sale of goods, products, works, services, thousand rubles.

The leader in total revenue in the region in the district remains the Novosibirsk region, with a share of revenue in the Siberian Federal District of 30%, from 2010 to 2014 revenue increased by 976,698 thousand rubles. or 135.4%

As for the Krasnoyarsk Territory, according to Table 12, the fluctuation in the change in the volume of proceeds is visible, from 2011 to 2013 it gradually decreased, but with the growth of brick production, there is a sharp increase in revenue by 278,270 thousand rubles. or 75% from 2013 to 2014. The share of the proceeds of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2014 is 11.3% - taking the third position in this indicator, behind the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions.

The main volume of bricks is used for the construction of residential and civil buildings, for example, for brick, monolithic-brick housing construction. The cost of apartments for houses built of brick, as a rule, is higher than the cost of panel construction, but such houses are distinguished by high heat and sound insulation.

To date, cinder blocks, aerated concrete, gas silicate block, polystyrene concrete, sand-cement blocks are competing with such building material as brick in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. These alternatives have the following advantages:

Building blocks are significantly larger than regular bricks, which speeds up masonry work

The exact size of the blocks, the verified geometric shape and the well-thought-out nomenclature make it possible to successfully carry out work even for employees with low qualifications;

Since most types of blocks can be mounted using glue rather than cement mortars, the quality of the masonry is better. In addition, the construction site will require less water, cement and sand;

Many types of blocks can be sawed, drilled and cut even with a simple hand tool, including for laying communications. Blocks hold screws and nails well;

When building from blocks, there is no need to use complex equipment;

Ease of installation ensures high rates of construction.

Thermo-efficient building blocks (usually hollow, made with the use of appropriate porous warm fillers - expanded clay, sawdust, slag, etc.) perform the functions of a supporting structure and a wall heat insulator at the same time, that is, they allow you to design and build housing that meets the standards without using other heaters;

Economic benefit. When erecting a building from the same brizolite, the reduction in wall construction costs is from 30 to 50%. Construction of structures from heat-efficient silica-granite blocks is two times cheaper than construction from traditional bricks.

The disadvantages of the material are that some types of wall blocks, in particular expanded clay concrete, have lower strength than bricks, reduced frost resistance and density. The disadvantages of aerated concrete blocks include their fragility to fracture, which does not allow their use in multi-storey construction.

Today, there are about 182 organizations in the region engaged in the production and sale of building materials, including bricks, of which 75 are in Krasnoyarsk.

In total, there are 12 brick factories in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, most of them are located in Krasnoyarsk, and they produce both constructive (ceramic) bricks and facing bricks, which are used in the design of facades. Moreover, a number of brick factories are also owned by construction organizations. For example, a large brick manufacturer? - the Siberian Element enterprise? - belongs to the Moscow company SU_155, Sibagropromstroy owns the Peschanka enterprise, and Arban last year began construction of a brick factory in Kansk. In addition, there are several other large manufacturers working in the city - brick factories "Stone", "Sodruzhestvo", "First brick factory", etc.

These enterprises occupy 77.5% of the brick market share in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, of which the largest manufacturer is Sibirskiy Element, with a market share of 30.6%. A total of 9 brick factories operate in Krasnoyarsk.

In the construction market, there are also such construction companies that provide themselves with bricks, creating their production, and in addition to their own consumption they also successfully sell it on the side, as an example such companies as Monolit Holding, Sibagropromstroy, Sibiryak can be taken.

In 2015, for the first time in the last 4 years, there is a decrease in brick prices, before that this indicator had a positive trend, every year the growth slowed down both in the Siberian District and in the region.

Conclusion

In general, the Russian brick market has retained a favorable climate for the production and sale of these products. With the growth of construction, the volume of production also grows. At the end of 2014, the volume of construction remains the highest level in 10 years, 616 million m3, the same dynamics is observed in the production of bricks, for 2014 7.4 billion units, which is the highest production volume for the analyzed period. The approximate capacity of the brick market in Russia is 1,424,543 thousand tons.

The largest consumer of bricks is the Central Federal District, where 38,944,837 people are concentrated, which requires a large scale of residential development.

In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, with a high rate of construction, the volume of production of building materials, in particular, bricks, is also increasing, so this volume at the end of 2014 amounted to 196.7 million conv. bricks. The positive dynamics should continue in subsequent years, despite the economic difficulties in the country, the need for brick production will be high due to the influx of population and the construction of sports facilities for the Universiade, which also requires the construction of additional infrastructure.

WITH list of used sources

1. On the adoption and implementation of Amendment 1/2007 OKVED to the All-Russian classifier of types of economic activities OK 029-2001 (NACE Rev. 1), the All-Russian classifier of types of economic activities OK 029-2007 (NACE Rev. 1.1) and the All-Russian classifier of products according to types of economic activities OK 034-2007 (CPA 2002) [electronic resource]: order of Rostekhregulirovanie from 22.11.2007 329-st. Reference legal system "Consultant plus". - Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru.

2. OKVED 26.40 [electronic resource]: production of bricks, tiles and other building products from baked clay. All-Russian classifiers. - Access mode: http://klassifikators.ru.

3. All-Russian classifier of products OK 005-93 (OKP) [electronic resource]: Resolution of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of December 30, 1993 N 301) (sections 01-34) (as amended by amendments NN 1 - 31 OKP) (as amended and additions). Information and legal portal "Garant". - Access mode: http://www.garant.ru

4. Prokhorov, AM Building brick: a big Soviet encyclopedia / Prokhorov AM - Moscow: 1969. - 204 p.

5. GOST 530-2012 [electronic resource]: Ceramic bricks and stones. General technical conditions. GOST database - Access mode: http://standartgost.ru.

6. Rosstat [electronic resource]: commissioning of buildings, structures, individual production facilities, residential buildings, social and cultural facilities. Federal State Statistics Service - Access mode: http://www.gks.ru.

7. Analytics I-Marketing [electronic resource]: Marketing research "Building materials" - Access mode: http://marketing-i.ru [electronic resource].

8. Rosstat [electronic resource]: production of the main types of products in physical terms. Federal State Statistics Service - Access mode: http://www.gks.ru.

9. Unified interdepartmental information and statistical system [electronic resource]: Sales proceeds - Access mode: http://www.fedstat.ru/indicators/start.do.

10. Unified interdepartmental information and statistical system [electronic resource]: Production of main types of products in kind - Access mode: http://www.fedstat.ru/indicators/start.do.

11. Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation [electronic resource]: customs statistics of foreign trade of the Russian Federation. Access mode: http://www.customs.ru.

12. Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation [electronic resource]: Analytical materials - Access mode: http://www.fas.gov.ru.

13. Bobrovnikov A. N., Volkova S. N., Zamyatina I. E., Nikolskaya V. A. Fundamentals of marketing: textbook 1st edition 2007. - 88 p.

14. Krasnoyarskstat [electronic resource]: Industrial production - Access mode: http://www.krasstat.gks.ru.

15. Construction newspaper [electronic resource]: construction materials - Access mode: http://www.stroygaz.ru.

16. Krasnoyarskstat [electronic resource]: Enterprises and firms of Krasnoyarsk - Access mode: http://www.krasstat.gks.ru.

Posted on Allbest.ru

Similar documents

Classification of yoghurts. The structure and volume of the yoghurt market, the dynamics of exports and imports. The most famous leading manufacturers of the product in Russia. Leading brands on the yoghurt market. Analysis of the advertising strategy of the Valio and Danone brands.

term paper added 01/24/2012


Dynamics of the volume of production and sales of marketable products on the example of LLC "Zainskiy kreker". Factors affecting production break-even. The main directions of expanding the sales market. Calculation of reserves for increasing production and sales of products.

thesis, added 11/17/2010


The concept and stages of marketing research, methods of collecting information. Description of the meat product market, the main consumers of the product and an assessment of their attitude to the product. Pricing, sales and advertising strategy of the company. Main competitors in the market.

term paper added 02/08/2016


Main indicators of juice production in Russia. Structure of production of fruit juice products by types. Import of concentrated juices. The largest juice producers. Marketing analysis of the prospects of the Russian market for the production of juices.

presentation added 01/20/2016


Research of the cheese products market: its commodity structure, technical and economic characteristics, classification and types of cheese. Commodity structure of the Ukrainian cheese market. Market analysis. Market situation. Product marketing.

term paper, added 06/12/2003


Characteristics and value of market research. Market research of dairy products in the city of Togliatti. Marketing analysis of competitors in the dairy market. Review of the cottage cheese market. Advertising and marketing strategy in the dairy market.

test, added 01/22/2011


Analysis of the production and market of domestic and imported footwear in Ukraine. Features, specifics and dynamics of the sports footwear market. Famous sneaker manufacturers and history. Development of a marketing strategy for the promotion of sports products by the enterprise.

term paper, added 11/25/2014


Analysis of the sales market for the products of LLC "Top-Modus", the demand for it. Assessment of the competitiveness of products, research of customer needs and market requirements. Analysis of the pricing policy of the enterprise. Determination of means and methods of product promotion.

term paper, added 05/26/2013


Marketing research of the brick production market in order to assess the place of the enterprise in the market and assess the possibilities of diversifying its production. Business plan for the further development of the enterprise and the main indicators of the effectiveness of this project.

term paper, added 09/26/2010


The history of Franke, its official stores, tasks, mission, types of products, pricing principles, as well as partners, consumers and competitors in Russia. Franke GmbH products, their design, materials, functions, their purpose and necessity.

- quite a profitable business, because the construction industry is developing rapidly, and the demand for bricks is constantly growing. A profitable business will be when your company is able to provide independent production of products, and for this you need to purchase special equipment for the production of bricks.

A business is often started as a business in a garage, but if you get down to business seriously, you should start with a detailed business plan, as well as planning all stages of production.

Types of bricks and manufacturing technology

There are 3 main types of brick:

1. Private;
2. Facial;
3. Special:

• decorative;
• ceramic;
• clinker;
• refractory;
• heat insulating;
• acid resistant.

There are 2 main types of production:

1. Using firing technology

The extracted clay is delivered to the plant, where it passes through the stone separating rollers, and then enters the box feeder. The clay goes through a grinding process. The processed material is passed through flexible rollers and enters the belt press. After that, on a cutter, the brick is cut from the clay tape and directed to the lining wooden frames. The packaged products are sent to the drying chamber, and then to the ring or tunnel kiln for roasting (temperature about 1,000 ° C).

1. Without using firing

The method involves the use of hyper- or tribopressing - welding of bulk mineral materials under high pressure. The process requires binders with water and ends with maturation in the warehouse for about 5 days.

The material is crushed to 3 - 5 mm, and then sent to the receiving hopper through the feed hopper along the belt conveyor. It enters the concrete mixer, where it is mixed with cement. Then, along a belt conveyor, it enters the forming unit through a two-arm chute. After going through the pressing process, the products are placed on pallets, on which they are kept for up to 7 days.

List of main equipment

Even if the enterprise has just opened, you need standard equipment.

Among the technical resources are:

• forming unit or - 3,700,000 rubles;
• Press;
• two-armed estrus;
• (with a capacity of 0.5 cubic meters) - 350,000 rubles;
• drying chamber (with a capacity of up to 170,000 pieces) - about 2,000,000 rubles;
• bunker of inert materials (in case of large production, 5 units will be needed) - 100,000 rubles / unit;
• bunker of cement (3 pieces are required) - 50,000 rubles / piece.
• cement dispenser;
• feeder-dispenser;
• screw conveyor;
• belt conveyor;
• receiving and supply bunkers;
• skip lifts;
• mobile compressor device;
• steaming chamber;
• bolt;
• crusher;
• technological pallets.

Press selection

Equipment for the brick factory includes a press. There are several options you can choose from.

Press "Vector"- brick equipment operating by the method of semi-dry hyper pressing. Suitable for firing and non-firing methods. Works automatically. Produces: solid, hollow and shaped bricks.

The press can work with the modes "Pre-pressing" and "Trimming". No additional adjustment work is required.

Viking Press- an apparatus that works by the method of semi-dry hyper pressing (with and without firing). Includes adjustment, manual and automatic operating modes.

Bunker batcher and steaming complex

- equipment for the production of bricks to weigh and measure bulk materials.

The equipment includes:

• weighing batcher;
• strain gauges;
• connecting box;
• controller;
• visualization device;
• pneumatic cylinder;
• cylinder position sensors;
• pneumatic valve;
• vibrator.

Additionally, it can be completed with belt and screw conveyors.

Specifications:

• Dimensions: 1,100 x 950 x 1,915 mm.
• Hopper volume, cubic meters: 0.55
• Weight, kg: 390
• The greatest weight of material for weighing, kg: 2 700
• Price, rub .: 206 250

Woodpecker or Woodpecker semiautomatic- a brick making machine that cuts products to obtain a decorative surface.

Productivity: 200 - 600 pcs / hour

Electric motor power: 2.2 - 5.5 kW

Price depending on the model: 110,000 - 226,875 rubles.

Steaming complex- equipment for heat-damp processing to give strength to products. The production capacity is up to 12,000 pieces. per day.

Includes:

• steaming chamber;
• electric generator;
• pallets.

Price - 3 232 760 rubles.

Complete production line

Pay attention to the professional equipment of the workshop, such as RK_mini_01 "Russian swing". This equipment is ideal for mini-production of clay bricks with cement.

The process takes place due to high pressure and significantly saves cement consumption.

Advantages:

• payback in 12 months;
• service is carried out by 2 workers;
• automatic mode of operation;
• possibility of transportation;
• the ability to install additional equipment (belt conveyor, vibrating sieve, concrete mixer).

Options:

• productivity - 500 bricks in 1 hour;
• the size of the finished product - 250 x 120 x 65 mm;
• power - 3 kW;
• voltage - 380 V;
• equipment dimensions - 1,039 x 770 x 1,301 mm;
• weight - 450 kg.

Video: clay brick making